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Q&A: A Question on Democracy | Sheikh Ata’ Abu Rashtah


The following is the translation of an Arabic Q&A from the website of the noble mujtahid and mufassir Sheikh `Ata’ Ibn Khalil Abu Rashtah (Allah preserve him).

Question:
Dangerous concepts as have penetrated our Ummah today and false beliefs alien to our pure religion have assaulted and attacked our creed from all directions and one of these dangerous concepts is ‘Democracy’. A serious problem for us is that some of the Muslims of Indonesia allege that Democracy is from Islam and use evidences from the Qur’an and Sunnahto justify this false concept.
  1. Shaykh, what is your opinion regarding Democracy?
  2. How do we rid ourselves of this problem?
  3. What is your view o Shaykh? I request advice from you regarding this issue.
السؤال:
لقد غزت الأمة الإسلامية في عصرنا الحاضر المفاهيم الخاطئة والمعتقدات الباطلة الدخيلة على ديننا الحنيف والتي تضاد وتصادم العقيدة الإسلامية من كل وجه وجانب، ومنها الديمقراطية الباطلة. المشكلة الخطيرة عندنا، أن بعض المسلمين في إندونيسيا يزعمون أن الديمقراطية من الإسلام، وهم يستدلون عليها بأدلة شرعية من القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية بالمفاهيم الضالة، بالتكلف في استعمال هذه الأدلة.
فما هو رأيك يا شيخنا في الديمقراطية؟
وكيف يمكن التخلص من هذه المشكلة الخطيرة؟أريد أن أكتب كتابا حول هذا الأمر.
ما رأيك يا شيخنا؟ وأطلب منك النصيحة المتعقلة بهذا الأمر.
Answer:
Wa `alaykum al-salam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
By ‘democracy’ is meant ‘sovereignty to the people’ (al-siyadah li’l-sha`b) which is to legislate with something other than with what Allah legislates. In other words, it means to make something either permissible (halal) or impermissible (haram) through other than Allah. Allah – glory be to He! – says: {and the rule (hukm) belongs to Allah}.[1] And in the noble hadithwhich is mentioned by al-Tabarani in his [al-Mu`jamal-Kabir from `Adi b. Hatim who said: ‘I came to the Prophet (saw) and around my neck was a cross made of gold. [The Prophet] said to me: ‘O `Adi! Discard that idol from your neck!’ So I discarded it. After having done that, he [saw] recited the following verse from surat al-Bara’ah[2]: {they took their priests and their rabbis as lords instead of Allah}.[3] I asked: O Messenger of Allah, we don’t worship them and [The Prophet] replied: “but do they not make impermissible what Allah has made permissible and do they not make permissible what Allah has made impermissible and you do that?” I replied: ‘yes’ and he said: “then that it is [a form] worshipping them” – so legislating through other than Allah is a major sin. So, Democracy in this sense is a system of kufr as it gives the right of legislation to human beings and not the Lord of human beings.
In another sense, democracy refers to the four freedoms: freedom of belief, freedom of thought, freedom of ownership and freedom of personality. This implies that a person can do whatever they want. It would also mean a person can change their religion whenever they want. It also means to express any view one pleases even if it means blaspheming…it means owning both lawful and unlawful things. It means committing unlawful sexual relations (zina) as along as it is consensual. All these are prohibited matters in Islam. Apostasy is prohibited,zina is prohibited, unlawful means of ownership is prohibited and cursing and blaspheming is also prohibited. Therefore, democracy in this sense of ‘freedoms’ (al-hurriyyat) is a system ofkufr because it is tantamount to abandoning the Shariah rulings. There is a book called al-Dimuqratiyyah: Nizam al-Kufr available from the Party’s website in your country which details how democracy is a system of kufr.
Finally, I impart you my greetings, pray for you that Allah grants you help and ability regarding what you have written as well as goof for Islam and the Muslims.
Your brother, `Ata b. Khalil, Abu Rashta.

[End].
الجواب:
وعليكم السلام ورحمة الله وبركاته
الديمقراطية تعني السيادة للشعب، فهو يشرع من دون الله، أي يحلل ويحرم من دون الله، والله سبحانه يقول: (إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلَّا لِلَّهِ يَقُصُّ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْفَاصِلِينَ)، وفي الحديث الشريف الذي أخرجه الطبراني في الكبير عن عَدِيِّ بْنِ حَاتِمٍ قَالَ: أَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَفِي عُنُقِي صَلِيبٌ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ، فَقَالَ: «يَا عَدِيُّ اطْرَحْ هَذَا الْوَثَنَ مِنْ عُنُقِكَ»، فَطَرَحْتُهُ فَانْتَهَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ وَهُوَ يَقْرَأُ سُورَةَ بَرَاءَةَ فَقَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (اتَّخَذُوا أَحْبَارَهُمْ وَرُهْبَانَهُمْ أَرْبَابًا مِنْ دُونِ اللهِ) حَتَّى فَرَغَ مِنْهَا، فَقُلْتُ: إنَّا لَسْنَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ، فَقَالَ: «أَلَيْسَ يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا أَحَلَّ اللهُ فَتُحَرِّمُونُهُ، ويُحِلُّونَ مَا حَرَّمَ اللهُ فَتَسْتَحِلُّونَهُ؟» قُلْتُ: بَلَى، قَالَ: «فَتِلْكَ عِبَادَتُهُمْ»، ولذلك فإن من يشرع من دون الله إثمه كبير كبيرفالديمقراطية من هذا الباب نظام كفر لأنها تجعل التشريع للبشر وليس لرب البشر.
ومن باب آخر فهي تقول بالحريات الأربع: العقيدة، والفكر، والملكية، والشخصية. فتجيز أن يعتقد المرء ما يشاء، فله أن يبدل دينه كما يشاء، وله أن يقول الرأي الذي يريد حتى لو طعن في المقدسات… وله أن يملك بالحلال والحرام، وله أن يعاشر بالزنا ما دام يرضي الطرفين. وهذا أمر محرم في الإسلام، فالردة حرام، والزنا حرام، والتملك
بوسائل غير مشروعة حرام، والقول بالسب والشتم كذلك حرام. وهكذا فإن الديمقراطية بإطلاقها للحريات كذلك هي نظام كفر لأنها تعني التحلل من الأحكام الشرعية.
وهناك كتاب “الديمقراطية نظام كفر” اطلبه من مكتب الحزب في بلدك، ففيه تفصيل مسألة الديمقراطية وكيف أنها نظام كفر . وفي الختام أقرئك السلام، وأدعو لك بالعون والتوفيق فيما تكتبه من خير للإسلام والمسلمين.

أخوكم عطاء بن خليل أبو الرشتة

[1] Q. 6:57.
[2] “al-bara’ah” is another name from surat al-Tawbah.

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