Generally speaking, the contemporary argument that it is permitted to have more than one ruler for Muslims is not textually based but derived from the thinking that the paradigm of the nation-state is the only pragmatic way to do politics today. The inability to imagine another form of state, or to envision a unified Muslim state, may then lead to the sincere individual seeking justification from Islam for submission to the current geo-political status quo, hence the relevance of this contention. This contention is pushed under the arguments: It is not an obligation to have a single Caliph – scholars have differed over it It is not possible to have a single Caliph – so it is not necessary Historically a single uncontested Caliph was the exception not the rule, and therefore it has not been considered obligatory These arguments are then used to conclude that the idea of a unified Islamic state is un-realistic, and the status quo of multiple nation states is fine. A Summa
"Thoughts are the greatest wealth of any nation."